ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF WALKER, MONTGOMERY, AND SAN JACINTO COUNTIES, EAST TEXAS
(Nesom, G.L. and L.E. Brown. 1998. Phytologia 84:107-153.)
GUY L. NESOM
Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies
Sam Houston State University
Huntsville, TX 77340 - 2560
&
LARRY E. BROWN
Houston Community College
1300 Holman
Houston, TX 77004
ABSTRACT
An annotated checklist is provided of the vascular plant species of Walker, Montgomery, and San Jacinto counties of southeast Texas, an area totaling 2450 square miles and completely including the Sam Houston National Forest. Most of the three-county area is within the “Pineywoods” Texas Natural Region; smaller portions are within three other Natural Regions: the “Blackland Prairie,” “Oak Woods and Prairies,” and “Gulf Coastal Prairie.” A total of 1373 species in 623 genera and 160 families are recorded. Distribution records are documented individually by county, either with the herbarium repository of a voucher specimen or a literature citation. Asteraceae is the largest family in the flora with 170 species; next largest are Poaceae (155 species), Fabaceae (120 species), and Cyperaceae (105 species). The largest genera are Carex with (37 species), Cyperus (18 species), Rhynchospora (17 species), Desmodium and Eleocharis (15 species), Dichanthelium and Juncus (14 species), Eupatorium, Symphyotrichum, and Trifolium (11 species), Ludwigia (10 species), Hypericum, Paspalum, Solidago, and Viola (9 species), Eragrostis, Helianthus, Panicum, Polygonum, and Ranunculus (8 species), and Chamaesyce, Crataegus, Euphorbia, Lespedeza, Liatris, Oenothera, Scutellaria, Sisyrinchium, Smilax, and Solanum (7 species).
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This checklist provides a preliminary summary of the vascular plant species known to occur in Walker, Montgomery, and San Jacinto counties, Texas. It also provides a guide to species that may be found within the Sam Houston National Forest, whose boundary lies completely within these three counties It seems likely that the number of species in the checklist may be expanded at least 10% as specialized habitats (especially wetland and deep sand) are studied in more detail. We believe, however, that the broad floristic outline is indicated here.
The three-county flora includes 1373 species in 160 families and 623 genera. The average number of species per genus is 2.2. Asteraceae is the largest family in the flora with 170 species; next largest are Poaceae (155 species), Fabaceae (120 species), and Cyperaceae (105 species). Other families are significantly smaller (e.g., Lamiaceae with 39 species, Euphorbiaceae with 37, Scrophulariaceae with 34, Apiaceae with 30, Rosaceae with 26, Onagraceae with 24, Fagaceae with 21, and Ranunculaceae and Rubiaceae with 18). The largest genus, by far, is Carex with 37 species. Other relatively large genera are as follows: Cyperus (18 species), Rhynchospora (17 species), Desmodium and Eleocharis (15 species), Dichanthelium and Juncus (14 species), Eupatorium, Symphyotrichum, and Trifolium (11 species), Ludwigia (10 species), Hypericum, Paspalum, Solidago, and Viola (9 species), Eragrostis, Helianthus, Panicum, Polygonum, and Ranunculus (8 species), and Chamaesyce, Crataegus, Euphorbia, Lespedeza, Liatris, Oenothera, Scutellaria, Sisyrinchium, Smilax, and Solanum (7 species).
Documentation for the occurence of each taxon is indicated by a symbol for its county or counties of occurrence. Voucher specimens for most of the records are deposited in SHST (Sam Houston State University, Huntsville) and SBSC (Spring Branch Science Center, Houston), the identities of these verified by Nesom and Brown. Some records (as indicated) are taken from other herbaria and from literature, and detailed surveys of other Texas herbaria undoubtedly will provide additional records.
The comprehensive treatment of Correll and Johnston (1970) remains the primary basis for assessments of the Texas flora. Recent nomenclatural updates (Johnston 1989; Hatch et al. 1990) also have been useful. Nomenclature in the current checklist mostly follows Jones et al. (1996) and Kartesz (in Kartesz and Meachum 1998). Where the primary entry in the current checklist differs from the latter two references, other currently used names are provided as synonyms.
A 1978 fire destroyed most of the plant collection at SHST, which had been amassed over a number of decades by S.R. Warner (primarily for Walker County) and served as the basis of knowledge for the local flora. Fortunately, a checklist and summary of the Walker County plants (including 643 species) was prepared in 1977 by Tom Zimmerman (unpublished), based on Warner's field notes and herbarium specimens. Warner's studies of the Walker County flora included particular attention to the relationship of plant distribution to soil type, this information included in Zimmerman's compilation. Warner made careful identificatons, but a small set of taxa said by Warner to occur in Walker County were probably based on misidentifations or earlier taxonomic interpretations: these are noted below. Most of the species recorded by Warner have been recollected for SHST since the 1978 herbarium fire; 61 remain to be recollected. The more recent additions to SHST have been made since 1978 primarily by Claude McLeod, Michael Warnock, Guy Nesom, and various students. James Kessler added many regional collections of Cyperaceae and other taxa in the mid 1970's. Kathy Nelson (1996) added and summarized records for Asteraceae of Walker County.
Herbarium SBSC is part of the Spring Branch Science Center of the Spring Branch Independent School District in Houston. It is the largest herbarium in southeast Texas, with over 31,000 specimens of vascular plants. The herbarium was begun by R.A. Vines, but more than half of the collections are those of Larry Brown, as it now serves as the primary repository for vouchers for Brown’s floristic investigations of the Houston area and southeast Texas. Among these studies, an annotated checklist of Harris County (including Houston) and the eight counties contiguous with it (including Montgomery County) is currently in preparation.
A published florula of the Little Thicket Nature Preserve (Peterson and Brown 1983; San Jacinto County, 650 acres, 485 species, including keys) is very helpful. A number of records from San Jacinto County on the present list are documented by Little Thicket vouchers in SBSC.
A checklist of the vascular species of Huntsville State Park (2122 acres, 320 species) is maintained by the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department (Singhurst 1998). This summary is based originally on a list prepared by Claude McLeod in 1976, with additions and revisions by TP&WD personnel, including recent collections by Jason Singhurst. Specimens documenting a number of these HSP records are deposited in BAYLU (Baylor University) and SHST.
Treatments of the Texas species of legumes (Turner 1959) and ferns and fern allies (Correll 1956) also have furnished additions to the present checklist not documented by specimens in SHST, as does a treatment of Asteraceae for Texas (Turner unpublished). Carr (1994) conducted a floristic study of blackland prairie openings within the Sam Houston National Forest, these records partly documented by specimens deposited at TEX. A few records have been taken from various other published references, as specifically indicated within the list.
Description of the area
Walker County covers about 505,600 acres (790 square miles), Montgomery County about 697,000 acres (1089 square miles), and San Jacinto County about 365,250 acres (571 square miles), the whole area totaling about 1,568,000 acres (2450 square miles). Sam Houston National Forest includes about 161 thousand acres (about 1/10 the total area). Tracts that most nearly approach being “natural areas” (the least disturbed, with the highest species diversity) are Huntsville State Park (2100 acres in Walker County), Lake Houston State Park (4900 acres partly in Montgomery County), several relatively small, privately owned nature preserves in San Jacinto County, and two “Scenic Areas” and one “Wilderness Area” within SHNF that are currently somewhat exempted from the otherwise heavy economic orientation of timber management in the National Forest. Otherwise, much of the private land also is heavily managed for timber production and there is much rural “development” in the form of housing, ranching, and farming. Conroe and The Woodlands (Montgomery Co.) and Huntsville (Walker Co.) are the largest urban areas.
The Trinity River flows across the northern tip of Walker County and then forms the north and eastern boundary of San Jacinto County, where it is impounded as Lake Livingston. The East Fork and West Fork of the San Jacinto River flow southward through the area – the latter is the primary input for Lake Conroe in Walker and Montgomery County. Several variants of bottomland hardwood communities, highly disturbed for the most part, occur along these and other rivers and creeks.
The climate of the three-county area is hot; daily high temperatures from May through October commonly are above 90 degrees Fahr. The area receives an average range of about 43-48 inches of rainfall annually.
Soils in the three-county area were deposited in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. The largest areas are Pliocene and Pleistocene sands (Willis, Bentley, and Beaumont Formations), often with a clay subsoil. Clay prairies in Walker and Montgomery counties and clay inclusions (all three counties) within the sandy areas of pine-oak forest are Fleming Formation (Miocene). Sandstone outcrops in Walker County are Catahoula Formation (Miocene) -- most of the large outcrops have been removed by quarrying. Alluvial deposits of the larger rivers are extensive in places.
General nature of the vegetation
Parts of Walker County and Montgomery counties are within the “Blackland Prairie” Natural Region (sensu LBJ School of Public Affairs 1978). Small, discrete patches of prairie vegetation on clay substrate extend eastward across the region as inclusions within the pine-hardwood forests. These prairie inclusions are strongly predictable in floristic composition (Carr 1993) and are most similar in vegetation to the “Fayette Prairie” (Smeins and Diamond 1983) immediately west of the area. Much of the western half of Walker County is “Oak Woods & Prairies (Oak Woodlands)” Natural Region. The southern extremity of Montgomery County lies in the “Gulf Coastal Prairie” Natural Region.
Most of the three-county area, however, is within the “Pineywoods” Natural Region. Because of the prevalence of timber management, pines usually are dominant, either as plantations or mixed with various combinations of hardwoods. A few white oak and laurel oak dominated stands can be found on mesic slopes in Sam Houston National Forest. Stands of scrubby post oak - blackjack oak, however, which typically occur on xeric ridges, have almost all been replaced by roads or managed pine stands.
Walker and Montgomery counties lie essentially at the southwestern corner of the Eastern Deciduous Forest, the relatively sharp vegetational change to prairie molded by rapidly decreasing precipitation (westward) and an abrupt transition from primarily sandy soils to the prairie clays. A conspicuous set of woody species reaches the western maximum of its distribution in Walker County (e.g., sweetgum, red maple, southern magnolia, cherry laurel, nutmeg hickory, the two hornbeam species, sassafras, fringetree, silverbell, witch hazel, dwarf chinquapin, black oak, white oak, and swamp chestnut oak). Other Walker County species are near their western distributional limit (e.g., shortleaf and loblolly pine, dogwood, black gum, white ash, persimmon, bitternut hickory, water hickory, river birch, southern red oak, willow oak, and overcup oak). Eastern Montgomery County and a major part of San Jacinto County lie within the “Big Thicket” region (sensu McLeod 1971). Walker County is significantly drier than these areas and the geographic distribution of many species does not cross westward into Walker County (e.g., beech, laurel oak, longleaf pine, sweetbay, redbay, maple-leaved viburnum, horsesugar, gallberry holly, pepperbush, titi, and sweetspire (Nesom 1998; Nesom et al. 1997).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks to Stanley Jones (Botanical Research Institute, Bryan), whose records for Cyperaceae added numerous species to the checklist and numerous new records for county distribution. Jason Singhurst (Texas Parks & Wildlife Department, Austin) provided a copy of his floristic summary for Huntsville State Park. And special thanks to Michael and Barbara MacRoberts (Bog Research, Shreveport) for their urging and encouragement to publish this checklist, even in what we consider a preliminary form.
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CHECKLIST
Symbols for documentation of distribution
W = Walker County: voucher SHST; W = voucher SBSC
M = Montgomery County: voucher SHST; M = voucher SBSC
J = San Jacinto County: voucher SHST; J = voucher SBSC
(astc, brch, mich, sbsc, smu, taes, tex) = acronyms for other herbaria of voucher repository
(mercer) = herbarium of Mercer Arboretum, Humble, Texas
W(reference), M(reference) , or J(reference) = literature report
*J = added from Peterson & Brown (1983)
P = added from survey of blackland prairie inclusions (Walker Co.; Carr 1994)
H = added from Huntsville State Park list (Walker Co.; Singhurst 1998)
0 = added from Warner checklist for Walker County (Zimmerman 1977): no SHST voucher
*[species] = no voucher known for any of the three counties
FERNS
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. WMJ
AZOLLACEAE
Azolla caroliniana Willd. WM
BLECHNACEAE
Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore WM(Correll 1956)J
SYN= Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn WM(Correll 1956)J
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Athyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth WM(Correll 1956)J
Onoclea sensibilis L. WM(Correll 1956)J
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott WMJ
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. W(Correll 1956)
LYGODIACEAE
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. WMJ
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium dissectum Spreng. WM(Correll 1956)*J
Botrychium lunarioides (Michx.) Sw. W
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. W
Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Walt. WJ
Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl W
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda cinnamomea L. WJ
Osmunda regalis L. WMJ
POLYPODIACEAE
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham WMJ
SYN= Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt
PTERIDACEAE
Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze W
Cheilanthes tomentosa Link W
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link W
Pteris multifida Poir. M(Correll 1956)
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton WM(Correll 1956)J
SYN= Thelypteris normalis (C. Chr.) Moxley
Thelypteris x versicolor St.John J(Correll 1956)
SYN= Thelypteris quadrangularis var. versicolor (St.John) A. Smith
SYN= Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor (St.John) Lellinger
FERN ALLIES
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. WM
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu ex Durieu W
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill J
SYN= Lycopodium appressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underwood
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring WM(Correll 1956)J
Selaginella arenicola ssp. riddellii (Van Eselt) Tryon W
SYN= Selaginella riddellii Van Eselt
GYMNOSPERMS
PINACEAE
Pinus echinata P. Mill. WMJ
Pinus elliottii Engelm. WM[fide C&J 1970] J
Pinus palustris P. Mill. J
Pinus taeda L. WJ
TAXODIACEAE
Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. W*J
CUPRESSACEAE
Juniperus virginiana L. WJ
Thuja orientalis L. W
MONOCOTS
AGAVACEAE
Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. WJ
SYN= Agave virginica L.
SYN= Polianthes virginica (L.) Shinners
Yucca flaccida Haw. W
Yucca louisianensis Trel. W*J
Yucca treculeana Carr. W
ALISMATACEAE
Sagittaria graminea Michx. WMJ
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. WJ
Sagittaria papillosa Buch. M
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Cooperia drummondii Herb. WJ
Cooperia pedunculata Herb. M
Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.) Milne-R. & Schw. W
Habranthus tubispathus (L'Herit.) Traub WM
SYN= Habranthus texanus (Herb.) Steud.
Hymenocallis liriosme (Rafin.) Shinners WJ
Leucojum aestivum L. W
Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb.
SYN= Polianthes virginica (L.) Shinners WJ
Narcissus sp. W
ARACEAE
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott WJ
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott 0J
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott W
Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott W
Pistia stratiotes L. M
Xanthosma sagittifolium (L.) Schott W
ARECACEAE
Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. WMJ
BROMELIACEAE
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. W
Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. WMJ
BURMANNIACEAE
Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnh. ex Small J
Burmannia biflora L. J
COMMELINACEAE
Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. W
Commelina communis L. WJ
Commelina erecta L. WM*J
Commelina virginica L. WMJ
Tinantia anomala (Torr.) C.B. Clarke W
Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush W*J
Tradescantia ohiensis Rafin. W
Tradescantia reverchonii Bush W
CYPERACEAE
Bulbostylis capillaris L.) C.B. Clarke M(Kral 1971)
Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern.
var. coarctata (Ell.) Kral WM(brch)*J
Carex abscondita Mack. WM(brch)J
Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng.
var. australis (Bailey) Rettig WMJ(taes)
SYN= Carex physorhyncha Liebm. ex Steud.
Carex albolutescens Schwein. WMJ
Carex corrugata Fern. W*J
SYN= Carex amphibola Steud. misappl.
Carex crebriflora Wieg. J
Carex basiantha Steud. WJ(smu)
SYN= C. willdenowii Schkuhr. ex Willd. misappl.
Carex blanda Dewey W*J
Carex brevior (Dew.) Mack. ex Lunell W(brch)MJ(taes)
Carex bushii Mack. WMJ
Carex caroliniana Schwein. W*J
Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. H*J
Carex cherokeensis Schwein. WMJ
Carex comosa Boott W
Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. WMJ
Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kuntze WJ
Carex debilis Michx. WJ
Carex digitalis Schkuhr ex Willd. var. asymmetrica Fern. WJ
Carex emoryi Dewey W(brch)
Carex fissa Mack. var. fissa W(mich)
Carex flaccosperma Dewey WMJ
Carex frankii Kunth WMJ
Carex glaucescens Ell. J
Carex hyalina Boott WM(brch)
Carex intumescens Rudge WMJ
Carex joorii Bailey J(brch)
Carex leavenworthii Dewey WM(tex)J(smu)
Carex leptalea Wahl. WMJ
Carex longii Mack. M(taes)
Carex louisianica Bailey WM(mich)J
Carex lupuliformis Sartw. ex Dewey M
Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. WMJ
Carex lurida Wahl. WMJ
Carex meadii Dew. W
Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook. WM(smu)
Carex microrhyncha Mack. W(taes)
Carex muhlenbergii Schkuhr. ex Willd. W*J
Carex oxylepis T. & H. WJ
Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. WM*J
Carex socialis Mohl. & Schwegm. W(brch)
Carex striatula Michx. W
Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey W(brch)J(taes)
Carex triangularis Boeckl. WMJ(taes)
Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey WJ
Carex verrucosa Muhl. M(brch)J(brch)
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. M
Cyperus articulatus L. W
Cyperus croceus Vahl M(taes)J(brit)
Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood WMJ
SYN= Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.
Cyperus entrerianus Bockler M(taes)
Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. WJ
Cyperus esculentus L. WJ
Cyperus filiculmis Vahl HM(Marcks 1972)
Cyperus haspan L. WM
Cyperus hystricinus Fern. WJ
Cyperus iria L. M(brit)
Cyperus ochraceus Vahl H
Cyperus odoratus L. var. squarrosus (Britt.) Jones et al. MJ
Cyperus plukenetii Fern. WJ
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. WM
Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. WMJ
Cyperus retroflexus Buckl. var. retroflexus W(taes)M(mich)J
Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. WMJ
Cyperus rotundus L. WMJ
Cyperus squarrosus L. M
SYN= Cyperus aristatus Rottb.
Cyperus strigosus L. WMJ
Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. M(smu)
Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh. W
Cyperus virens Michx. WMJ
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. W
Eleocharis albida Torr. W
Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl M
Eleocharis equisetoides (Ell.) Torr. M
Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) R. & S. M
Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. WM
SYN= Eleocharis macrostachya Britt.
Eleocharis microcarpa Torr. MJ
Eleocharis montana (Kunth) R.& S. M
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth WM(smu)J(mich)
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes WMJ
Eleocharis olivacea Torr. W
Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) Link WM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) R. & S. WM(mich)
Eleocharis radicans (Dietr.) Kunth W
Eleocharis tortilis (Link) Schultes WMJ
Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes WM
SYN= Eleocharis verrucosa (Svens.) Harms
Eleocharis vivipara Link W
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. WMJ
Fimbristylis decipiens Kral M(brch)
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl WM(brch)J
Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula W
Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link WM(taes)J
Fuirena breviseta (Cov.) Cov. M
Fuirena simplex Vahl WM
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. WM
Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. WM
SYN= Scirpus koilolepis (Steud.) Gl.
Isolepis molesta (M.C. Johnston) S.G. Sm. M
SYN= Scirpus molestus M.C. Johnston
Kyllingia brevifolia Rottb. WM(taes)
SYN= Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.
Kyllingia pumila Michx WMJ
SYN= Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy
Rhynchospora caduca Ell. WMJ
Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl J
Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiffer W
SYN= Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc.
Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray WMJ
Rhynchospora divergens M.A. Curtis M(Correll and Correll 1975)
Rhynchospora filifolia Gray M(tex)
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small WMJ
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl WMJ
Rhynchospora grayi Kunth W
Rhynchospora harveyi Boott W
Rhynchospora inexpansa (Michx.) Vahl WMJ
Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray W
Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) Gray W
Rhynchospora mixta Britt. M
Rhynchospora nivea Bock. W(us)
Rhynchospora perplexa Britt. MJ
Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Ell. *J
Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral W(taes)
Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. pungens W(taes)
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth WM(taes)J
Scirpus pendulus Muhl. WJ
SYN= Scirpus lineatus Michx. misappl.
Scleria ciliata Michx. WM
Scleria oligantha Michx. W*J
Scleria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nelson W(taes)
Scleria triglomerata Michx. WM
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea bulbifera L. M
Dioscorea villosa L. WJ
ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon decangulare L. WM
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Hydrilla verticillata Royale WM
Limnobium spongia (Bosc.) Steud. M
HYPOXIDACEAE
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Cov. WMJ
Hypoxis curtisii Rose J(sbsc)
Hypoxis wrightii (Baker) Brackett W(tex)J(sbsc)
IRIDACEAE
Alophia drummondii (Grah.) R.C. Foster W
Iris hexagona Walt. MJ
Iris pseudacoris L. M
Iris virginica L. W
Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. WM
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. *J
Sisyrinchium exile Bickn. WM*J
Sisyrinchium langloisii Greene WMJ
Sisyrinchium minus Engelm. & Gray W
Sisyrinchium rosulatum Bickn. WJ
Sisyrinchium sagittiferum Bickn. WJ
Sisyrinchium texanum Bickn. WM
JUNCACEAE
*Juncus acuminatus Lam. 0
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. WM
Juncus bufonius L. M
Juncus capitatus Weigel WM
Juncus coriaceus Mack. WM*J
Juncus dichotomus Ell. WM
Juncus diffusissimus Buckley WMJ
Juncus effusus L. WMJ
Juncus marginatus Rostk. WM*J
Juncus nodatus Cov. J
Juncus repens Michx. WMJ
Juncus scirpoides Lam. WM*J
Juncus tenuis Willd. W*J
Juncus validus Cov. WMJ
Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Rydb. WMJ
LEMNACEAE
Lemna perpusilla Torr. W
Lemna valdiviana Phil. W
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. W
Spirodela punctata (Mey.) Thomps. W
SYN= Spirodela oligorhiza (Kurtz) Hegelm.
Wolfia brasiliensis Wedd. W
SYN= Wolfia papulifera Thomps.
LILIACEAE
Allium canadense L. var. canadense WM*J
Allium drummondii Regel W*J
Allium mobilense Regel WM
SYN= Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) M. Ownbey
Asparagus officinalis L. W
Camassia angusta (Engelm. & Gray) Blankinsh. W
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. WMJ
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. *J
Schoenolirion wrightii Sherman W
SYN= Schoenolirion texanum (Scheele) A. Gray
Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong W
Trillium gracile Freeman J
MAYACACEAE
Mayaca fluviatilis Aublet J
SYN= Mayaca aubletii Michx.
NAJADACEAE
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus W
ORCHIDACEAE
Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conrad H0M*J
Habenaria repens Nutt. J
SYN= Platanthera repens (Nutt.) Wood
Listera australis Lindl. W*J
Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. M
SYN= Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer J
SYN= Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.
Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Luer M(Correll 1944)
Ponthieva racemosa (Walt.) Mohr J
Spiranthes cernua (L.) Richard WJ
Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel.) Beck WJ
SYN= Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Bigel.) Luer
Spiranthes tuberosa Rafin. W*J
SYN= Spiranthes grayi Ames
Spiranthes praecox (Walt.) S. Wats. *J
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray WM
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. HM(sight)J
Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. J(Hartman 1974)
POACEAE
Agrostis elliottiana Schult. *J
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P WJ
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. *J
Aira caryophyllea L. *J
Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth WMJ
SYN= Aira caryophyllea var. capillaris A. Mute
Andropogon gyrans Ashe W
SYN= Andropogon elliottii Chapm.
Andropogon gerardii Vitman W
Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. WJ
Andropogon ternarius Michx. W
Andropogon virginicus L. W
Aristida lanosa Ell. W
Aristida longispica Poir. var. geniculata (Rafin.) Fern. M*J
Aristida oligantha Michx. WMJ
Aristida purpurascens Poir. W
Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey W
SYN= Aristida longiseta Steud.
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. WM(mercer)J
Arundo donax L. M
Avena sativa L. WM
SYN= Avenua fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. WM
SYN= Axonopus affinis Chase
*Axonopus furcatus (Fluegge ) Hitchc. 0
Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng W*J
Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter ssp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould WJ
SYN= Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb.
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. WJ
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. WJ
Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. WJ
Briza minor L. WMJ
Bromus japonicus Thunb. WM
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. W
Bromus secalinus L. WM
Bromus catharticus Vahl WMJ
SYN= Bromus unioloides (Willd.) Kunth
*Cenchrus echinatus L. 0
Cenchrus spiniflex Cav. WMJ
SYN= Cenchrus incertus Curtis
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates WMJ
Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates WMJ
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates WMJ
Chloris cucullata Bisch. W
Chloris subdolichostachya Muller W
Coelorachis rugosa (Nutt.) Nash M
Cortaderia selloana (Schultes) Asch. & Graebn. W
SYN= Cortaderia dioica (Spreng.) Spreng.
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. W*J
Cynosurus echinatus L. W
Dactylis glomerata L. M
*Dactyloctenium aegypticum (L.) Willd. 0
Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin H
SYN= Catapodium rigidum (L.) Hubbard ex Dony
Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) G. & Cl. WJ
SYN= Dichanthelium angustifolium (Ell.) Gould
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark WMJ
Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) G. & Cl. WJ
SYN= Panicum boscii Poir.
Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould WM
SYN= Panicum commutatum Schult.
Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould WM*J
SYN= Panicum dichotomum L.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Ell.) Gould W*J
SYN= Panicum lanuginosum Ell.
SYN= Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckm.
Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould WJ
SYN= Panicum laxiflorum Lam.
Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould WJ
SYN= Panicum lindheimeri Nash
SYN= Dichanthelium acuminatum var. lindheimeri (Nash) G. & Cl.
Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould WJ
SYN= Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. oligosanthes W*J
SYN= Panicum oligosanthes Schultes
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould WM
SYN= Panicum scribnerianum Nash
Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould. WJ
SYN= Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr.
Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould WM
SYN= Panicum scoparium Lam.
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould. WMJ
SYN= Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.
SYN= Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schultes) Mohlenbr.
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. W*J
Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Chase W
SYN= Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase
Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. W
Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers. WJ
Digitaria violascens Link *J
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link W
Echinochloa crus-gallii (L.) Beauv. WM
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller WM
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. WM
Elymus canadensis L. W
Elymus virginicus L. WM*J
Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau W
Eragrostis elliottii S. Wats. W
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. M
Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees W*J
*Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. 0
Eragrostis secundiflora Presl WM*J
SYN= Eragrostis oxylepis (Torr.) Torr.
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. W
*Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood 0
Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. W
Erianthus alopecuroides (L.) Ell. W
SYN= Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt.
Erianthus giganteus (Walt.) Muhl. WMJ
SYN= Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers.
Erianthus strictus Ell. WM
SYN= Saccharum baldwinii Spreng.
Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv. W
SYN= Chloris petraea Sw.
Festuca arundinacea Schreb. MJ
SYN= Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. Darb.
*Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev 0
SYN= Festuca obtusa Bieler
Glyceria arkansana Fern. J
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. WJ
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. WMJ
Hordeum vulgare L. W
Leersia hexandra Sw. M(mercer)
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. WM
Leersia virginica Willd. WMJ
Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth WM
SYN= Leptochloa filiformis var. attenuata (Nutt.) Steyerm.
Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) Dewey WJ
Lolium perenne L. WM
SYN= Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Lolium tementulum L. W
Melica mutica Walt. WMJ
Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. W*J
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. WJ
SYN= Oplismenus setarius (Lam.) R. & S.
Oryza sativa L. W
Panicum anceps Michx. WJ
Panicum brachyanthum Steud. W*J
Panicum capillare L. W
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. W
Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. WMJ
SYN= Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees HJ
Panicum verrucosum Muhl. WJ
Panicum virgatum L. W
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. WM*J
Paspalum floridanum Michx. W
Paspalum laeve Michx. W*J
Paspalum langei (Fourn.) Nash W*J
Paspalum notatum Fluegge WMJ
Paspalum plicatulum Michx. WMJ
Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. WMJ
Paspalum setaceum Michx. WMJ
SYN= Paspalum pubescens Muhl.
Paspalum urvillei Steud. WMJ
Phalaris caroliniana Walt. W
Phyllostachys aurea Carr.ex Riv. W
Poa annua L. WJ
Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Ell. WMJ
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev W
SYN= Koehleria gerardii (Vill.) Shinners
Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash WM
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. W
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash WJ
Secale cereale L. M
Setaria corrugata (Ell.) Schult. W(Gould 1975)
Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. WM
SYN= Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerg. WJ
SYN= Setaria geniculata auct. non (Wild.) Beauv.
Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. W
Sorghastrum elliottii (Mohr) Nash WJ
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash W
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench M
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. WM
Sphenopholis longiflora (Vasey) Hitchc. M
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. WMJ
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus WMJ
SYN= Sporobolus asper (Beauv.) Kunth
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. WMJ
*Sporobolus junceus (Beauv.) Kunth H
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.ex Gray) Wood W
Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash WM
SY= Panicum hians Ell.
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze W
Stipa avenacea L. WJ
SYN= Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi
Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.
SYN= Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) Pohl WMJ
Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. WJ
Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash WM
Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. *J
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. WM
Trisetum interruptum Buckl. WJ
Urochloa ciliatissima (Buckl.) R. Webster *J
SYN= Brachiaria ciliatissima (Buckl.) Chase
Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R. Webster W
SYN= Panicum fasciculatum Swartz
Urochloa ramosa (L.) R. Webster M
SYN= Panicum ramosum L.
Urochloa texana (Buckl.) R. Webster 0*J
SYN= Panicum texanum Buckl.
Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. WJ
SYN= Festuca octoflora Walt.
Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. W
Vulpia sciurea (Nutt.) Henr. J
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell. & Asch. WM
PONTEDERIACEAE
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms W
Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. M
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton diversifolius Rafin. HM(Ogden 1966)
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. WMJ
SMILACACEAE
Smilax bona-nox L. WJ
Smilax glauca Walt. WMJ
Smilax laurifolia L. WMJ
Smilax pumila Walt. WMJ
Smilax rotundifolia L. WMJ
Smilax smallii Morong WJ
Smilax tamnoides L. WJ
SYN= Smilax hispida Muhl.
SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium americanum Nutt. J
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustifolia L. W
*Typha domingensis Pers. 0
Typha latifolia L. W
XYRIDACEAE
Xyris ambigua Bey. ex Kunth WMJ
Xyris iridifolia Chapm. M
Xyris jupicai L.C. Rich. M
Xyris torta J.E. Sm. WJM
Xyris sp. J
DICOTS
ACANTHACEAE
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. W*J
Hygrophila lacustris (S. & C.) Nees WM
Justicia lanceolata (Chapm.) Small WM
SYN= Justicia ovata var. lanceolata (Chapm.) R.W. Long
Ruellia brittoniana Leonard M
Ruellia caroliniensis (Gmel.) Steud. WM
Ruellia humilis Nutt. WM*J
Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. ex Gray) Urb. var. nudiflora WMJ
Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex Gray J(Turner 1991)
Ruellia strepens L. WM
Yeatesia viridiflora (Nees) Small *J
ACERACEAE
Acer negundo L. WMJ
Acer rubrum L. WMJ
AMARANTHACEAE
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. W
*Amaranthus albus L. 0
SYN= Amaranthus graecizans auct. non L.
Amaranthus hybridus L. WM(Reed 1969)
*Amaranthus retroflexus L. 0
*Amaranthus spinosus L. 0
Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. WM(Reed 1969)J
Gomphrena globosa L. M
Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. WJ
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus aromatica Aiton WMJ
Rhus copallinum L. WMJ
Rhus glabra L. WM(Barkley 1943)*J
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. radicans WM*J
SYN= Rhus radicans L.
Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. WM(Barkley 1943)J
SYN= Rhus toxicodendron L.
ANNONACEAE
Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dun. MJ
APIACEAE
Bifora americana (DC.) Benth. & Hook. W
*Bowlesia incana R. & P. 0
Centella erecta (L.f.) Fern. WMJ
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. WM*J
Cicuta maculata L. WM
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague WJ
SYN= Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.V. Muell. ex Benth.
Cynosciadium digitatum DC. W
Daucus carota L. WM
Daucus pusillus Michx. WMJ
*Eryngium hookeri Walp. 0
Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. WMJ
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. W*J
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. M
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. WM
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. WMJ
Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Math. & Const. WM
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Rafin. W
Polytaenia nuttallii DC. W
Polytaenia texana (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. *J
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Rafin. W
Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. W
Sanicula canadensis L. WMJ
Sanicula odorata (Rafin.) Pryer & Phillippe W
SYN= Sanicula gregaria Bickn.
Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Rafin. ex Ser. WJ
*Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) Math. & Const. 0
Tauschia texana A. Gray M
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link W
*Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. 0
Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. W*J
Zizia aurea (L.) Koch WJ
APOCYNACEAE
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. W
Apocynum cannabinum L. W
Nerium oleander L. W
Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray WMJ
Vinca major L. W
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torrey WMJ
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm. MJ
Ilex decidua Walt. WM(Lundell 1943)J
Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel. WMJ
Ilex opaca Aiton WMJ
Ilex vomitoria Aiton WMJ
ARALIACEAE
Aralia spinosa L. WMJ
Hedera helix L. W
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia reticulata Jacq. WMJ
Aristolochia serpentaria L. WJ
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims *J
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias amplexicaulis J.E. Smith WM
Asclepias tuberosa L. WMJ
Asclepias variegata L. WJ
Asclepias verticillata L. W
Asclepias viridiflora Rafin. WMJ
Asclepias viridis Walt. WMJ
*Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. H
Matelea cynanchoides (Engelm.) Woods. WM
Matelea decipiens (Alex.) Woods. WM
Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners WJ
ASTERACEAE
Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper WM
Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) Jansen var. repens (Walt.) Jansen WMJ
Ageratina altissima (L.) King & Rob. WJ
SYN= Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. HJ
Ambrosia cumanensis Kunth WJ
SYN= Ambrosa psilostachya DC.
Ambrosia trifida L. W
Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. W
Antennaria fallax Greene WM
SYN= Antennaria parlinii var. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins
Anthemis cotula L. W
Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. *J
Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H. Rob. MJ
SYN= Cacalia ovata Walt.
SYN= Cacalia lanceolata Nutt.
Arnoglossum plantagineum Rafin. WMJ
SYN= Cacalia plantaginea (Rafin.) Shinners
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. ludoviciana M
Baccharis halimifolia L. WJ
Berlandiera pumila (Michx.) Nutt. var. pumila WMJ
Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. WM
Bidens bipinnata L. WJ
Bidens frondosa L. W
Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. W
Bigelowia nuttallii L.C. Anderson W
Boltonia diffusa Ell. MWJ
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. eupatorioides WMJ
Calyptocarpus vialis Less. WJ
Centaurea americana Nutt. W
Centaurea cyanis L. WM
Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. var. asteroides WM
Chlorocantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom M
SYN= Aster spinosus Benth.
Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. WMJ
Chrysopsis texana Nesom W
SYN= Bradburia hirtella Torr. & Gray
Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. W
Cirsium horridulum Michx. W
Cirsium texanum Buckley W
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. WJ
SYN= Eupatorium coelestinum L.
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. WJ
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. W
Coreopsis basalis (Dietrich) Blake WJ
Coreopsis lanceolata L. WM
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. M
Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Rafin. WMJ
Dracopis amplexicaule (Vahl) Cass. W
Dyssodia tenuiloba (DC.) Small var. tenuiloba M
Echinacea atrorubens Nutt. W
Echinacea sanguinea Nutt. WM*J
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. W
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. WJ
Elephantopus tomentosus L. WMJ
Engelmannia peristenia (Rafin.) Goodman & Lawson WMJ
SYN= Engelmannia pinnatifida Gray ex Nutt.
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Rafin. ex DC. var. hieracifolia WJ
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. W
Erigeron philadelphicus L. W
Erigeron procumbens (Houst. ex P. Mill.) Nesom M
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. WMJ
Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray WM
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small WJ
Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. MJ
Eupatorium fistulosum Barr. J
Eupatorium lancifolium (T. & G.) Small WMJ
Eupatorium mohrii Greene M
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. WM
Eupatorium X pinnatifidum Ell. W
Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. rotundifolium WMJ
Eupatorium semiserratum DC. WMJ
Eupatorium serotinum Michx. W
Eurybia hemispherica (Aiton) Nesom W
SYN= Aster paludosus ssp. hemisphericus (Alexander) Cronq.
SYN= Aster hemisphericus Alexander
Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene WMJ
Evax candida (Torr. & Gray) Gray W*J
SYN= Calymmandra candida Torr. & Gray
Evax verna Rafin. W*J
SYN= Evax multicaulis DC.
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.-Bip. WMJ
Fleischmannia incarnata (Walt.) King & Rob. J
SYN= Eupatorium incarnatum Walt.
Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) Rock var. aestivalis J
Gaillardia pulchella Foug. WM
Gamochaeta falcata (Lam.) Cabrera W
SYN= Gnaphalium falcatum Lam.
Gamochaeta pensilvanica (Willd.) Cabrera W
SYN= Gnaphalium pensilvanica Willd.
Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera WMJ
SYN= Gnaphalium purpureum L.
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. var. lanceolata WJ
Helenium amarum (Rafin.) Rock WMJ
Helianthus angustifolius L. WJ
Helianthus annuus L. W
Helianthus debilis Nutt. 0J
Helianthus grosse-serratus Martens W
Helianthus hirsutus Rafin. WJ
Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. WM
*Helianthus mollis Lam. H
Helianthus simulans E. Wats. W
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet J
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby WMJ
SYN= Heterotheca latifolia Buckley
Hieracium gronovii L. WM
Hymenopappus artemisiifolius DC. var. artemisiifolius W
Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch.-Bip.) Cabrera var. albiflora (O. Kuntze) Cabrera WJ
Iva angustifolia DC. W
Iva annua L. WJ
Krigia cespitosa (Rafin.) Chambers WMJ
Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. W
Krigia occidentalis Nutt. M
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. W*J
Krigia wrightii (A. Gray) Chambers ex Kim W*M (Kim & T 1992)
Lactuca canadensis L. WJ
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. WJ
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. WJ
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Ridd. W
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. WM
SYN=Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
Liatris acidota Engelm. & Gray M*J
Liatris squarrulosa Michx. WMJ
SYN= Liatris earlei (Walt.) K. Schum.
Liatris cymosa (Ness) K. Schum. W
Liatris elegans (Walt.) Michx. WMJ
Liatris mucronata DC. WJ
Liatris pycnostachya Michx. WMJ
Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. squarrosa WJ
Lindheimera texana Gray & Engelm. WM
Marshallia cespitosa Nutt. ex DC. var. signata Beadle & Boynt. W
Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. WJ
Oligoneuron nitidum (Torr. & Gray) Small W(Taylor and Taylor 1984)
Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small W
SYN= Solidago rigida L.
Palafoxia hookeriana Torr. & Gray *J
Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory var. rosea WM(Turner and Morris 1976)J
Parthenium hysterophorus L. W
Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. W
SYN= Chrysopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Ell.
SYN= Heterotheca graminifolia (Michx.) Shinners
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. WJ
Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. WMJ
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. WMJ
SYN= Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC.
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hill. & Burtt
SYN= Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. WJ
Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC. WM
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. WM
Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) DC. WMJ
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. M*J
Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton J
Rudbeckia grandiflora (Sweet) DC. WMJ
Rudbeckia hirta L. [var.] WMJ
Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. WJ
Rudbeckia missouriensis Boynt. & Beadle WJ
SY= R. fulgida var. missouriensis (Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq.
Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. var. texana Perdue *J
Senecio ampullaceus Hook. WJ
Senecio obovatus Muhl. ex Willd. WMJ
Senecio tampicanus DC. W
SYN= Senecio imparipinnatus Klatt
Silphium gracile A. Gray W*J
Silphium radula Nutt. W
SYN?= Silphium asperrimum Hook.
Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mackenzie ex Small J
SYN= Polymnia uvedalia (L.) L.
Solidago altissima L. WMJ
SYN= Solidago canadensis var. scabra Torr. & Gray
Solidago delicatula Small WJ
SYN= Solidago ulmifolia var. microphylla A. Gray
Solidago ludoviciana (Gray) Small WMJ
Solidago nemoralis Ait. J
Solidago odora Aiton WJ
Solidago petiolaris Aiton W
Solidago radula Nutt. W(Taylor and Taylor 1984)
Solidago rugosa Aiton WMJ
Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray W(Taylor and Taylor 1984)
Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less. W*J
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill WM*J
Sonchus oleraceus L. W*J
Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom
SYN= Aster subulatus var. ligulatus Shinners
Symphyotrichum drummondii var. texanum (Burg.) Nesom WJ
SYN= Aster drummondii var. texanus (Burg.) A.G. Jones
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom W
SYN= Aster dumosus L.
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. ericoides W*J
SYN= Aster ericoides L.
SYN= Virgulus ericoides (L.) Rev. & Keen.
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom W
SYN= Aster lanceolatus Willd.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Love & Love WMJ
SYN= Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt.
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense var. poaceum (Burg.) Nesom WJ
SYN= Aster oolentangiensis var. poaceus (Burg.) A.G. Jones
Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) Nesom var. gracile (Hook.) Nesom WJ
SYN= Aster patens var. gracilis Hook.
SYN= Virgulus patens var. gracilis (Hook.) Rev. & Keen.
Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom W
SYN= Aster praealtus Poir.
Symphyotrichum pratense (Rafin.) Nesom WJ
SYN= Aster pratensis Rafin.
SYN= Virgulus pratensis (Rafin.) Rev. & Keen.
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Ell.) Nesom WJ
SYN= Aster racemosus Ell.
SYN= Aster fragilis Willd.
Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers W
Tetragonotheca ludoviciana (Torr. & Gray) Gray M
Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene var. linearifolia W
SYN= Hymenoxys linearifolia Hook.
Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) Gray W
Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray W
Verbesina virginica L. var. virginica WJ
Vernonia missurica Rafin. WM(mercer)J
Vernonia texana (A. Gray) Small WMJ
Xanthium strumarium L. W
Youngia japonica (L.) DC. W
BERBERIDACEAE
Nandina domestica Thunb. WM
Podophyllum peltatum L. WMJ
BETULACEAE
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. J
Betula nigra L. WJ
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. WMJ
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch WJ
BIGNONIACEAE
Bignonia capreolata L. WMJ
Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau WMJ
Catalpa bignonioides Walt. *J
Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. WJ
BORAGINACEAE
Heliotropium indicum L. WMJ
Heliotropium procumbens P. Mill. W
Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. WMJ
Lithospermum caroliniense (Gmel.) MacM. WM
Lithospermum incisum Lehm. W*J
Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. WMJ
Myosotis verna Nutt. W
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. WM
SYN= Onosmodium molle var. bejariense (DC. ex A. DC.) Cronq.
BRASSICACEAE
*Arabis canadensis L. 0
*Camelina microcarpa Andrz. 0
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. W
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) B.S.P. WMJ
Cardamine hirsuta L. WJ
Cardamine parviflora L. WMJ
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. M
Coronopus didymus (L.) J.E. Smith W
Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray *J
*Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 0
*Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 0
Lepidium virginicum L. WMJ
Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) Wats. 0M
Raphanus raphanistrum L. W
*Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas 0
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek. W
Sibara virginica (L.) Roll. W
*Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 0
CABOMBACEAE
Brasenia schreberi Gmel. MJ(sight)
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray W
CACTACEAE
*Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parf. & Pink. 0
SYN= Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. W
SYN= Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) Macbr.
*Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. P
CALLITRICHACEAE
Calllitriche heterophylla Pursh WM
CAMPANULACEAE
Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. WM(mercer)*J
Lobelia cardinalis L. W*J
Lobelia puberula Michx. WJ
Lobelia reverchonii B.L. Turner M
Lobelia spicata Lam. WMJ
Triodanis biflora (R. & P.) Greene WJ
SYN= Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora (R. & P.) Bradley
Triodanis lamprosperma McVaugh W
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuw. WM*J
CANNABINACEAE
Cannabis sativa L. W
CAPPARACEAE
*Polanisia erosa (Nutt.) Iltis 0
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Abelia grandiflora (Andre) Rehd. W
Lonicera japonica Thunb. WMJ
Lonicera sempervirens L. WJ
Sambucus canadensis L. WMJ
SYN= Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench WJ
Viburnum acerifolium L. HMJ
Viburnum cassinoides L. J
SYN= Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray
SYN= Viburnum nitidum Ait.
Viburnum dentatum L. WMJ
Viburnum nudum L. WJ
Viburnum rufidulum Rafin. WMJ
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Agrostemma githago L. W
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. W
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. WJ
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. var. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet WM
SYN= Cerastium vulgatum L.
SYN= Cerastium holosteoides Fries
Loeflingia squarrosa Nutt. WJ
Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill W
SYN= Arenaria drummondii Shinners
Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler W
SYN= Arenaria muriculata Maguire
SYN= Arenaria robusta Steyerm.
SYN= Arenaria patula var. robusta (Stey.) Maguire
Petrorhagia dubia (Rafin.) Lopez & Romo WJ (both from Rabeler 1985)
SYN= Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) Ball & Heyw.
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. W
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray W*J
Silene antirrhina L. W*J
Silene gallica L. WM*J
Spergula arvensis L. H
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. WJ
CELASTRACEAE
Euonymus americana L. WMJ
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium album L. W
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. WMJ
*Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. 0
Chenopodium pallescens Standley W
CISTACEAE
Helianthemum carolinianum (Walt.) Michx. WMJ
Helianthemum georgianum Chapm. W
Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh W
Lechea mucronata Rafin. WJ
SYN= Lechea villosa Ell.
Lechea tenuifolia Michx. WM*J
CLUSIACEAE
Ascyrum hypericoides L. WMJ
SYN= Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz
Ascyrum crux-andreae L. MJ
SYN= Ascyrum stans Michx. ex Willd.
SYN= Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz
Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Gray WJ
Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. WMJ
Hypericum galioides Lam. *J
Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. WMJ
Hypericum gymnanthum Eng. & Gray W
Hypericum mutilum L. WJ
Hypericum prolificum L. WJ
Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush 0*J
Hypericum punctatum Lam. W
Triadenum walteri (Gmel.) Gleason WJ
SYN= Hypericum walteri Gmel.
SYN= Hypericum petiolatum Walt.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus equitans Benth. W
Dichondra carolinensis Michx. WMJ
Evolvulus sericeus Sw. W
Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. W
SYN= Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) R. & S.
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sw. WM
Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. W
Ipomoea lacunosa L. J
Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Mey. WMJ
Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst. WMJ
SYN= Ipomoea trichocarpa Ell.
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. WM
Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapm. W
Stylisma pickeringii (Torr. ex Curtis) Gray W
CORNACEAE
Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. WJ
Cornus florida L. WMJ
Cornus foemina P. Mill. J
CRASSULACEAE
Penthorum sedoides L. W
CUCURBITACEAE
Melothria pendula L. WJ
CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy J
Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. W
Cuscuta glabrior (Engelm.) Yunck. W
SYN= Cuscuta pentagona var. glabrior (Yunck.) G.,T., & H.
Cuscuta glomerata Choisy *J
DROSERACEAE
Drosera brevifolia Pursh W
SYN= Drosera annua Reed
EBENACEAE
Diospyros virginiana L. WMJ
ERICACEAE
Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet W
Rhododendron oblongifolium (Small) Millais W*J
Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais *J
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. WMJ
Vaccinium corymbosum L. WJ
SYN= Vaccinium amoenum Aiton
Vaccinium elliotii Chapm. 0J
Vaccinium stamineum L. WJ
Vaccinium virgatum Aiton WMJ
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha gracilens A. Gray WMJ
*Acalypha ostryifolia Ridd. 0
Acalypha rhomboidea Rafin. WM
SYN= Acalypha virginica L. var. rhomboidea (Rafin.) Cooperr.
*Argythamnia humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. P
Chamaesyce cordifolia (Ell.) Small W
SYN= Euphorbia cordifolia Ell.
Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. W
SYN= Euphorbia hypericifolia L.
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small W
SYN= Euphorbia maculata L.
*Chamaesyce missurica (Rafin.) Shinners 0
SYN= Euphorbia missurica Rafin.
Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small WMJ
SYN= Euphorbia nutans Lag.
Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small W
SYN= Euphorbia prostrata Ait.
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small WJ
SYN= Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Cnidosculus texanus (Muell. Arg.) Small WJ
Croton argyranthemus Michx. 0M
Croton capitatus Michx.
var. lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. WMJ
Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg. WMJ
Croton monanthogynus Michx. WJ
*Croton texensis (Kl.) Muell. Arg. 0
Croton willdenowii G. Webster WMJ
SYN= Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. W
SYN= Poinsettia cyathophora (Murr.) Kl. & Gke.
Euphorbia bicolor Engelm. & Gray WMJ
Euphorbia corollata L. WMJ
Euphorbia dentata Michx. WJ
Euphorbia discoidalis Chapman J
Euphorbia spathulata Lam. W*J
Euphorbia tetrapora Engelm. WJ
Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. WJ
Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng. WM
Phyllanthus urinaria L. WJ
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. WJ
Sebastiania fruticosa (Bartr.) Fern. J
Stillingia sylvatica L. WJ
Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. J
*Tragia cordata Michx. 0
Tragia urticifolia Michx. WJ
Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw W
SYN= Aleurites fordii Hemsley
FABACEAE
Acacia angustissima (P. Mill.) Kuntze WM
SYN= Acacia hirta Nutt.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. WJ
Albizia julibrissin Durazz. WMJ
*Amorpha fruticosa L. H
Amorpha paniculata Torr. & Gray 0J
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. WM(Turner 1959)J
Apios americana Medic J
*Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. 0
Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray
var. engelmannii (Sheld.) M.E. Jones WJ
Astragalus leptocarpus Torr. & Gray W
Astragalus nuttallianus var. trichocarpus Torr. & Gray 0HW(Turner 1959)
Astragalus reflexus Torr. & Gray 0W(Turner 1959)
*Astragalus soxmaniorum Lundell 0
Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell.
*var. laevicaulis (Gray ex Canby) Isely 0
SYN= Baptisia laevicaulis (Gray) Small
var. leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi WM
SYN= Baptisia leucophaea Nutt.
Baptisia nuttalliana Small WMJ
Baptisia sphaerocarpa Nutt. W*J
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. WMJ
Cercis canadensis L. WJ
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) E. Greene WMJ
SYN= Cassia fasciculata Michx.
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench WM(Turner 1959)J
SYN= Cassia nictitans L.
Clitoria mariana L. WMJ
Coronilla varia L. W
Crotalaria sagittalis L. WMJ
Dalea compacta Spreng. var. pubescens (Gray) Barneby WMJ
SYN= Dalea helleri Shinners
SYN= Petalostemum pulcherrimus (Heller) Heller
Dalea multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners WMJ
SYN= Petalostemum multiflorus Nutt.
Dalea phleoides (Torr. & Gray) Shinners WM(mercer)J (Turner 1959)
SYN= Petalostemum glandulosus Coult. & Fisher
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. WMJ
Desmanthus leptolobus Torr. & Gray W(Luckow 1993)
Desmanthus velutinus Scheele W
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. MJ
Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. WM(Turner 1959)J
Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. WMJ
Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. WJ
Desmodium lineatum DC. WJ
Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. W
Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. MJ
Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. W
Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. W
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. WMJ
Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. J
Desmodium rotundifolium DC. W(tex) J
Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray WM
*Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. 0
Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. W
Erythrina herbacea L. WMJ
*Galactia erecta (Walt.) Vail 0
Galactia macreei M.A. Curtis WJ
Galactia regularis (L.) B.S.P. WJ
Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. WM
Gleditsia triacanthos L. WMJ
Indigofera miniata Ort. WMJ
Indigofera suffruticosa P. Mill. WJ
Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. WJ
SYN= Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn.
Lathyrus hirsutus L. WM
Lathyrus pusillus Ell. WJ
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. J
Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don WJ
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. WM(Turner 1959)J
Lespedeza procumbens Michx. WJ
Lespedeza repens (L.) Bart. WMJ
Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. WM(Turner 1959)
Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. W
Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. W
SYN= Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & Clem.
Lupinus subcarnosus Hook. W*J
Lupinus texensis Hook. WM*J
Medicago arabica (L.) Hudson W
Medicago lupulina L. WJ
*Medicago minima (L.) L. 0
Medicago polymorpha L. WJ
SYN= Medicago hispida Gaertn.
Medicago sativa L. W
Melilotus albus Medic. W
Melilotus indicus (L.) All.&nb
